Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Volume 11: Therapeutic Applications in Disease and injury


Volume 11 in this series discusses therapeutic applications of stem cells in disease and tissue injury. Coverage includes pluripotent stem cells, which can give rise to the endodermal, ectodermal, and mesodermal lineages  multipotent stem cells, which can generate all cells in a particular lineage and unipotent stem cells, which can give rise to only one cell type. 

This volume also examines cancer stem cells, tumor-initiating cells which possesses the capacity of self-renewal and can give rise to the heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that comprise the tumor. Coverage extends to molecular mechanisms underlying the derivation and expansion of human embryonic stem cells, the role of specific proteins in the maintenance and inhibition of extraembryonic differentiation of these cells and the role of signaling responsible for the self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells. 

Nine chapters discuss the clinical importance of cancer stem cells, encompassing glioma, leukemia, ovarian cancer, pediatric sarcomas and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The role of cancer stem cells is also elucidated in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in spreading head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The book goes on to survey therapeutic application of stem cells of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic origin for regeneration of bones, including in osteoporotic bone disease  to illuminate the application of hematopoietic stem cells in bone regeneration and to discuss their use as a biomarker to facilitate determination of a treatment. 

The contributors review cells as biomarkers for pediatric solid tumors, and weigh the advantages and limitations of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Also included are details of neural stem cell engraftment in the injured spinal cord  the regenerative potential of neural stem/progenitor cells of newborns and cancer gene therapy potential using neural stem cells. Like the preceding volumes in the series, this book is distinguished for its comprehensive approach, its distinguished roster of 58 contributors representing 10 different countries and its thorough review of leading-edge technology and methods.

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Cancer is a disease which is occurred by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. It is a disease caused by a Reproduce group of cell rapidly.

It is the second common cause of death in western countries after heart diseases where as in some countries it is leading the cause of death.
Generally cancer is a trend to lead to the death of the person if not subjected to proper treatment urgently. There are more than 200 type of cancer. Some of the common are skin cancer, breast cancer, Cervical Cancer, lung cancer.

Causes of Cancer
cancer occurred when normal body cell is going to develop abnormally or rapidly. some cancer causes remain unknown and many cancer may develop from more than one causes. Some cancer developed by the genetic makeup of a person. It is more difficult to find out the actual causes of cancer.

Symptoms and signs of cancer?

The cancer begins with no symptoms or sign. Signs and symptoms only appears as the mass continues to grow of the cells. the Symptoms or sign of a cancer also depends on the type of cancer, location of cancer. For example: limps in the breast may be the symptoms of breast cancer. And in some patients the will be no symptoms until the cancer is face advance. However Some symptoms and sign are as follows.

1. recurrent or constant Fever without clear infectious.
2. Losing weight without trying to lose weight.
3. Feeling pain on the affected area.
4. Changing skin color, white spot in mouth or in tongue
5. unusual bleeding from mouth
6. limps or tissue on the affected area

New Hope Cancer Expert Indonesia with a ARC Rapid Radiation Therapy

Now there is the easiest way, is not painful and does not cause adverse effects to treatment and therapy of cancer in Indonesia, especially Nasopharyngeal Cancer (ENT - Ear Nose and Throat), breast, brain, cervical / cervix, prostate and other parts, namely the Photon and Electron beam radiation.

Method of treatment: cancer patients undergoing radiation enough to just lie down in the tempo 4 minutes in each session. Once irradiated, cancer patients can return home or normal activities. It is the best solution for people with cancer who do not want to be hospitalized in Hospital. 


Irradiation at a brisk pace with the latest techniques, only available in Indonesia in the hospital. MRCCC Siloam Semanggi Jakarta. The workings of this tool is to Photon beam irradiation is fired right on the cancer cells to kill the unhealthy tissue, whereas tissue Healthy cells can be avoided because each patient will be created before the rayed pattern (mold) first contour shape of the tumor and is subject contained in the body as well as the individually calculated how dose radiation beam with the required precision computerized calculation reached 99.7%. Computerized Treatment Planning With this system, the healthy cells are not affected radiation (very targeted).

Irradiation is done on average between 25-30 times, depending on the stage of the cancer patient. Facilities Jakarta is already available in the exactly the same as in other developed countries, such as in hospitals Singapore, USA and India. Cancer with radiation therapy are now available in the hospital. Siloam MRCCC Semanggi Jakarta, the Indonesian patients do not need to do it in a foreign country so save travel costs and treatment.

Differences conventional therapy with Rapid ARC technology is the speed and accuracy target irradiation. Conventional therapy can only shone from the 4 corners and areas of tumor takes about 30 minutes - 1 hour, while the ARC RAPID technique could be done radiation field angle of 360 tumors and takes only 4 minutes. Costs is Rp. 1.7 million / session conventional radiation therapy, and USD 2.5 million / irradiation in Rapid Arc is the latest technique.

Radiotherapy RS installation. MRCCC Siloam Semanggi Jakarta since the opening of the year 2011, has successfully handled many cases of cancer of the breast, brain, prostate, ENT and rare cases such as tongue cancer.

In early-stage cervical cancer symptoms are hard to find. Patients with cervical kankers infected with the virus at the beginning just like a normal woman. The medical examination with a Pap test can help detect early cervical cancer symptom. Smear tests can be done at the age of 21 years and then performed periodically every three years. At the age of 30 will be performed pap tests and HPV tests are also continuously until the age of 65 years. As for the other symptoms that lead to infection of the HPV virus are as follows:

1. Whitish Patogonis
whitish (flour albus ) is a discharge other than the blood of womanhood in large quantities.though not all harmless whitish but if you experience vaginal discharge with the following characteristics, you should be aware: The release of large amounts of fluid, liquid turns into a thick, foul-smelling, abnormal colored (yellowish, greenish, brownish), Arise burning sensation and itching in the area of ​​femininity
whitish with traits need serious attention, consult with a specialist obgyn

2. Painful urination
Bladder infected with the virus will result in the patient having pain urination is a symptom of cervical cancer entered an advanced stage.

3. Bleeding
Most women perceive that the bleeding that occurs due to abnormal menstrual cycles, but need to watch out if the blood drop out from your feminine area often and take place regularly hence should consult a doctor immediately.

4. Pain in the area of ​​femininity
The pain that strikes feminine area caused due to human papilloma virus (HPV) has been developing and disrupt the body's immunity so that the resulting lower abdominal pain, sore appears on the thighs, pelvic pain socket during menstruation, pain when defecating and pain when having intercourse.

5. Arising pain and bleeding during sex
Menggonta frequently changing partners in high-risk sexual intercourse lead to cervical cancer. When having sex frequently ill and bleeds caused by infection of the cervix severe.

6. Swelling in the legs
When you experience leg swelling for no reason, maybe this series of signs of cervical cancer-causing virus to attack your body.

7. Decreased appetite
Decreased appetite decreased immunity caused so prone to stress, excessive anxiety, and interfere with energy. Moreover, this is a sign of the onset of symptoms of cervical cancer.

8. Tired fast
Fatigue which means that you are infected with HPV that cause fatigue without attacking your leisure time.